Machu Picchu in Peru

However, this Incan city, dramatically constructed atop an Andean peak, had never actually been ‘lost’; the Quechua villagers who lived and farmed on the surrounding terraces and mountainsides had always known of its existence. Indeed, it was a local man who led the US academic and explorer, Hiram Bingham, to the ruins in 1911. Despite being largely concealed by dense, tropical vegetation, they did not disappoint. Bingham’s colourful accounts, his persistent excavations, and his photographs of the site soon ensured that Machu Picchu was revealed to the world.

Much like Egypt’s Great Pyramids and England’s Stonehenge, there has been much debate about how these massive stones were manoeuvred up to their precarious hilltop resting place – especially since the Incas used neither wheels nor draft animals. Hundreds of labourers would have been needed to push or roll the stones into place, perhaps using carved knobs or handles which were later chipped off the stones.

However, other hikes to Machu Picchu are now beginning to grow in popularity, partly due to the limited availability of permits for the Inca Trail. Only 500 permits are issued per day; over half of these will be assigned to porters and guides, and in peak season these will sell out many months in advance. Another reason for other hikes becoming more popular is the 499 other people that you will encounter on the Inca Trail. For many people, the sense of camaraderie and opportunity to meet other hikers is all part of the fun, and can be great motivation as you are hauling yourself up to the 4,215m-high Dead Woman’s Pass. Other trekkers will prefer the vast, empty landscapes of the Andes, and the chance to trek a road less travelled. For these people, the Salkantay and Lares routes are ideal; there are also no permits required, so this is great if you’re after a last minute trek. Both also take four to five days, camping along the way, and on all three routes you’ll travel with expert local guides, and porters to carry your pack.